Ngokubheka ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kokuzivocavoca okwenziwa ngabantu abafile, kunzima ngandlela-thile ukuhlola umlando wayo. Ama-eseyi amafushane abhalwe abanye abantu abaqoqa izinto ngokunganaki asatshalaliswa kabanzi njengeqiniso ngabanye, kepha empeleni, ucwaningo lwangempela lombhalo lunzima kakhulu futhi lunzima kakhulu. Umlando we-deadlift nokuhlukahluka kwawo mude impela. Abantu banekhono lokuzalwa lokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo emhlabathini. Kungashiwo nokuthi iziqhumane ezibulalayo zavela ngokuvela kwabantu.
Uma kubhekwa kumarekhodi akhona, okungenani kusukela ngekhulu le-18, okuhlukile kokuphakama kokuqala: ukuphakamisa izinsimbi kuye kwasakazwa kabanzi eNgilandi njengendlela yokuqeqesha.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, umshini wokuzivocavoca obizwa nge- “weightlifting weight” wake wathandwa kakhulu e-United States. Le mishini ibibiza ngamadola ayi-100 aseMelika (cishe alingana namadola aseMelika akhona manje angama-2500), umkhiqizi uthi le yimishini yokuzivocavoca enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ayikwazi ukubuyisela impilo kuphela, kodwa futhi ibumbe nomzimba ukwandisa ukukhanga. Kungabonakala esithombeni ukuthi le mishini icishe ifane nokufa kwemoto kweminye imincintiswano yamanje yomuntu oqinile. Kuyisisekelo sokubulala isigamu esisizayo: ukuphakamisa isisindo ukusuka ekuphakameni kwethole kuye ekuphakameni kokhalo. Umehluko kulokho okufayo esivame ukukwenza manje ukuthi umqeqeshi udinga ukubamba isisindo nhlangothi zombili zomzimba kunaphambi komzimba. Lokhu kwenza imodi yesenzo sayo ifane nenhlanganisela yokuxakaniseka nokudonsa, okucishe kufane nokufa kwanamuhla kwe-barbell deadlift. Yize kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le divayisi yasungulwa kanjani, i-athikili eyabhalwa nguJan Todd ngo-1993 ekhuluma ngephayona lezemidlalo yamandla waseMelika uGeorge Barker Windship isinikeza imikhondo ethile:
UGeorge Barker Windship (1834-1876), ungudokotela waseMelika. Kumarekhodi omnyango wezokwelapha, kubhalwe phansi ukuthi kunendawo yokuzivocavoca eyakhiwe ngakuye egumbini lokuhlinzela eWindship, futhi uzotshela iziguli eziza ukuzobona: Uma zingachitha isikhathi esengeziwe ejimini, azisebenzi ' ngiyayidinga manje. Weza ukuzobona udokotela. IWindship nayo iyindoda enodlame uqobo. Uvamise ukukhombisa amandla akhe esidlangalaleni, bese egadla ngenkathi insimbi isashisa, enikeza izinkulumo kwizethameli ezishaqekile nezinomona, efaka umqondo wokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kungakhuthaza impilo. IWindship ikholelwa ukuthi imisipha yomzimba wonke kufanele ilinganiswe futhi ikhule ngokugcwele ngaphandle kobuthakathaka. Ubabaze uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwabantu besikhashana besikhathi esiphakeme, wagcizelela ukuthi isikhathi esisodwa sokuqeqesha akumele seqe ihora elilodwa, futhi kufanele aphumule ngokugcwele futhi alulame ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa kwesibili. Ukholelwa ukuthi le yimfihlo yempilo nempilo ende.
IWindship yake yabona imishini yokuzivocavoca umzimba isuselwa ekwakhiweni kokubulala abantu eNew York. Umthwalo omkhulu “kuphela” ngamakhilogremu angama-420, okulula kakhulu kuye. Ngokushesha waklama uhlobo lwemishini yokuzivocavoca eyedwa. Ugqibe ibhakede elikhulu lokhuni eligcwele isihlabathi namatshe emhlabathini, wakha ipulatifomu ngenhla kwebhakede elikhulu lokhuni, wafaka izintambo nezibambo kuleli bhakede elikhulu lamapulangwe. Umgqomo omkhulu wokhuni uyaphakanyiswa. Isisindo esiphezulu asiphakamisile ngalo mshini safinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-2 600 amangalisayo! Le idatha ekhanyayo noma ngabe iyiphi inkathi.
Ngokushesha, izindaba zeWindship nokusungulwa kwayo okusha kwasakazeka njengomlilo wequbula. Ukulingisa kwaqhamuka njengamahlumela oqalo ngemuva kwemvula. Ngawo-1860s, zonke izinhlobo zemishini efanayo zase zibolile. Ezishibhile, njengalezo ezenziwe yisikhulu sezempilo saseMelika u-Orson S. Fowler, zazidinga ezimbalwa kuphela. Ama-dollar ase-US ahle, kuyilapho lawo abizayo enentengo efinyelela emakhulwini amadola. Ngokubheka izikhangiso ngalesi sikhathi, sithole ukuthi lolu hlobo lwemishini lubhekiswe kakhulu emindenini eseMelika esezingeni eliphakathi. Imindeni eminingi namahhovisi aseMelika engeze imishini efanayo, futhi kunamajimu amaningi anemishini efanayo emgwaqweni. Lokhu kwabizwa ngokuthi "iklabhu yokuphakamisa izinsimbi enempilo" ngaleso sikhathi. Ngeshwa, lo mkhuba awuhlalanga isikhathi eside. Ngo-1876, i-WIndship yadlula emhlabeni ineminyaka engama-42. Lokhu kwaba yigalelo elikhulu ekuqeqesheni amandla okwenyuka kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa izinsimbi enempilo. Abameli bayo bonke bafa besebancane. Ngokwemvelo, kunesizathu sokungasayethembi le ndlela yokuqeqesha.
Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asikona ukungabi nathemba. Amaqembu okuqeqeshelwa ukukhulisa amandla avele ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka asebenzise kakhulu amandla okubulala kanye nokuhluka kwawo okuhlukahlukene. Izwekazi laseYurophu laze labamba umncintiswano ophilisayo wokuphakamisa izinsimbi ngo-1891, lapho kwakusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubulala abantu. Ama-1890s angathathwa njengenkathi yokwandiswa kwabantu ababulala kanzima. Isibonelo, i-deadlift engamakhilogremu angama-661 eyabhalwa ngo-1895 ingenye yamarekhodi okuqala abantu ababulawa kanzima. Unkulunkulu omkhulu owazuza le mpumelelo waqanjwa ngokuthi uJulius Cochard. UmFulentshi, onobude obungamamitha ama-5 amasentimitha ayi-10 futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200, wayengumlwi oncomekayo waleyo nkathi ngamandla nangekhono.
Ngaphezu kwalonkulunkulu omkhulu, izikhulu eziningi zokuqeqesha amandla ngesikhathi sika-1890-1910 zazama ukwenza impumelelo ekuqothulweni kwabantu. Phakathi kwabo, amandla kaHackenschmidt ayamangalisa, angadonsa ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-600 ngesandla esisodwa, kanti no-Dandurand osindayo ongasadumile waseCanada uDandurand kanye nomqaphi waseJalimane uMerke nabo basebenzisa izinsimbi ezinkulu. Yize kunamaphayona ezemidlalo amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, izizukulwane zakamuva zibukeka zinaka kakhulu omunye umphathi: uHermann Goener lapho ebukeza umlando wezinto ezibulalayo.
UHermann Goener wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kepha ukuphakama kwayo kwakungo-1920s no-1930, lapho abeka khona uchungechunge lwamarekhodi omhlaba wokuqeqeshwa kwamandla kufaka phakathi i-kettlebells kanye ne-deadlifts:
Ngo-Okthoba 1920, iLeipzig, ibulawe ngamakhilogremu angama-360 ngezandla zombili
L Isandla sokufa esidluliselwe ngesandla esisodwa esingu-330 kg
Ø Ngo-Ephreli 1920, hlwitha i-125 kg, ehlanzekile ne-jerk 160 kg
Ø Ngo-Agasti 18, 1933, isibani esiphelile saqedwa kusetshenziswa ibha ekhethekile ye-barbell (amadoda amabili amadala ahlezi onqenqemeni ngalunye, amadoda angama-4 esewonke, angama-376.5 kg)
Le mpumelelo seyivele iyamangalisa, futhi emehlweni ami, into edonsa umhlathi kakhulu ngaye ukuthi uqedile ukubulala amakhilogremu angama-596 ngeminwe emine kuphela (emibili kuphela esandleni ngasinye). Lolu hlobo lwamandla okubamba luvamile ngisho nasemaphusheni. angicabangi! UGoener ukhuthaze ukwandiswa kwamatshe okubulala emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke izizukulwane eziningi zakamuva zimbiza ngokuthi nguyise wabaphangi. Yize le mpikiswano ivulekile ukubuzwa, uyaba nesandla ekukhuthazeni ukubulawa kwabantu. Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1930, ukubulawa kwabantu cishe sekube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuqeqeshwa kwamandla. Isibonelo, uJohn Grimek, inkanyezi yeqembu lokuphakamisa izinsimbi laseNew York ngawo-1930, wayengumlandeli wezinto ezibulalayo. Ngisho nalabo abangafuni ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo, njengoSteve Reeves, basebenzisa amalifti njengendlela eyinhloko yokuthola imisipha.
Njengoba abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe benza ukuqeqeshwa kokubulala, ukusebenza okubulalayo nakho kuyakhuphuka. Yize kusasele amashumi eminyaka ukusuka ekuthandweni kokuphakanyiswa kwamandla, abantu sebenomdlandla ngokwengeziwe wokuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo. Isibonelo, uJohn Terry wabulala amakhilogremu angama-600 ngesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-132! Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kwalokhu, uBob Peoples wabulala amakhilogremu angama-720 ngesisindo samakhilogremu ayi-180.
I-Deadlift isiphenduke indlela ejwayelekile yokuqeqeshwa kwamandla, futhi abantu baya ngokuzibuza ukuthi ikuphi imikhawulo yokufa kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, kwaqala umjaho wezikhali ofayo ofana nowase-US-Soviet Cold War wezempi: Ngo-1961, uBen Coats owayephakamisa izinsimbi waseCanada wabulala amakhilogremu angama-750 okokuqala, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-270; ngo-1969, u-American Don Cundy wabulala amakhilogremu angama-270. 801 amakhilogremu. Abantu babone ithemba lokuphonsela inselelo amaphawundi ayi-1 000; ngawo-1970 nango-1980, uVince Anello wagcwalisa amakhilogremu angama-800 wokufa ngamakhilogremu angaphansi kwama-200. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphakanyiswa kwamandla kube ngumdlalo owaziwayo, okuheha inani elikhulu labasubathi abanamandla besilisa nabesifazane. Bamba iqhaza; umsubathi wesifazane uJan Todd wabulala amakhilogremu angama-400 ngawo-1970, okukhombisa ukuthi nabesifazane bangathola impumelelo ekuqeqesheni amandla.
Yonke iminyaka yama-1970 kwakuyisikhathi sezinkanyezi, futhi abadlali abaningi abanesisindo esincane baqala ukuphakamisa isisindo esinzima. Isibonelo, ngo-1974 uMike Cross wabulala amakhilogremu angama-549 ngamakhilogremu ayi-123, kwathi ngawo lowo nyaka, uJohn Kuc waba lukhuni ngamakhilogremu angama-242. Donsa amakhilogremu angama-849. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, izidakamizwa ze-steroid zaqala ukusabalala kancane kancane. Abanye abantu bathole imiphumela engcono ngokubusiswa kwezidakamizwa, kepha inhloso yamakhilogremu ayi-1 000 we-deadlift ibonakala ikude kakhulu. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, abantu babesizuze isikwele esingamakhilogremu ayi-1 000, kodwa ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba ngamakhilogremu angama-904 kaDan Wohleber ngo-1982. Akekho owayengaphula leli rekhodi cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1991 lapho u-Ed Coan ephakamisa khona amakhilogremu angama-901. Yize bekusondele nje futhi kungalephuli leli rekhodi, uCoan ubenesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-220 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikaWohleber. Isisindo safinyelela kuma-297 amakhilogremu. Kepha i-deadlift yamakhilogremu ayi-1 000 ikude kakhulu kangangokuba isayensi isiqale ukuphetha ngokuthi ukubulawa kwabantu okungamakhilogremu ayinkulungwane akunakwenzeka kubantu.
Kuze kube ngo-2007, u-Andy Bolton odumile wakhuphula amakhilogremu ayi-1,003. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, ukuqothuka komuntu ekugcineni kweqa uphawu lwamaphawundi ayi-1 000. Kepha lokhu akusona isiphetho. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Andy Bolton wephule irekhodi lakhe ngamakhilogremu ayi-1,008 ngesihluku. Irekhodi lomhlaba lamanje lingamakhilogremu angu-501 kg / 1103 adalwe yi "Magic Mountain". Namuhla, yize singakwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngubani owasungula lo msebenzi wokufa, akusabalulekile. Okubalulekile ukuthi kule nqubo enzima, abantu bayaqhubeka nokuhlola nokwenza ngcono imikhawulo yabo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye bakhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuthi babambe iqhaza kwezemidlalo.
Isikhathi Iposi: Jul-24-2021